英語中12個月份名字的由來（12個月英文名稱的由來）
Hi.
大家好。
This is Gill here from engVid, and today's lesson is on the subject of the " Months of the Year" and where the names for the months come from.
我是來自engVid的Gill，今天的課程的主題是"月份"以及月份名稱的來歷。
This links to an earlier lesson I did on the days of the week and where those names come from.
這和一個課程有關聯，是我講過的星期課，講了每周中星期的命名來源。
And this is very similar, really, because a lot of the names come from Roman times, the Roman Empire, the emperors, and so on, Roman mythology, gods and goddesses, that kind of thing, as well as a few Latin words.
這次的也很相似，因為很多名字都來自羅馬時代，羅馬帝國，皇帝，等等，羅馬神話，神靈和女神，諸如此類，還有一些拉丁單詞。
So, let's have a look.
所以，咱們看一下。
The months of the year, so we begin with January, and the God Janus, the god of doors. . .
月份，所以我們從一月份（January）開始，雅努斯（Janus）神，門神……
If you see a statue or a picture of Janus, you see two faces looking in two different directions, usually left and right.
如果你看到過雅努斯的雕像或圖片，你會看到兩張朝著兩個不同方向的面孔，通常是朝著左右。
The god who looks both ways, back to the past and forward to the future, and also with doors, of course, you either go in through the door or out through the door, so it's about two directions, a place of transition.
他是注視雙面的神，看向過去和未來，也與門關聯，當然了，你要么進門，要么出門，所以是關于兩個方向的，一個過渡的地方。
Okay?
懂了嗎？
So that's January, coming from Janus.
那么這就是一月，來源是雅努斯。
Okay.
好的。
February, this is maybe not so clear where the name comes from, but people think it comes from the word. . .
二月（February），這個名字的來源可能比較模糊，但人們認為它來自這個詞……
The Latin word " februare" which means to purify, because at that time of year in the Roman Empire there was a Festival of Forgiveness where people were forgiven for things that they'd done.
拉丁詞"februare"，意味著凈化，因為當時在羅馬帝國，有一個寬恕節，人們可就他們所做的一切獲得寬恕。
So it was a kind of purification period.
所以那時是一個凈化時期。
So it may be that, February comes from that, februare.
所以可能因為是這樣，這樣有了二月（February），凈化（februare）。
Okay.
好的。
Then we have March, which is named after the god of war, Mars.
然后是三月（ March），是以戰爭之神——瑪爾斯（Mars）命名的。
Okay.
好的。
And at one time for a long time March was the first month in the Roman calendar.
曾經有一陣，有很長一段時間，三月是羅馬日歷的第一個月。
It was counted from here, and then presumably they went to the end and January, February came at the end.
從這里算起，然后大概一月，二月是一年的盡頭。
So, Mars. . .
所以，瑪爾斯……
March was the first month of the year in the Roman Empire calendar.
三月是羅馬帝國歷法中一年中的第一個月。
But that changed in the 16th century when Pope Gregory brought in his Gregorian Calendar and made January, the first month of the year officially, and that explains a little bit what we will be coming to at the end of the list where these numbers don't make sense, but we'll come to that.
但是16世紀時，教皇格里高利引入了格利高里歷法，并創造了一月時，這種情況發生了變化，一月成為了一年中的第一個月，這就為我們將在結尾提到的這些無意義的數字提供了一點解釋，我們一會兒講到。
Okay, so that's March.
好，這就是三月。
April, Aprilis in the Latin name, and it could come, people think, from the Latin word to open: " apperire" , and if you think of flowers in the spring opening, it's that kind of idea after the winter, flowers start to appear, so it's a springtime kind of word.
四月（April），在拉丁文中是Aprilis，人們認為它可能來源于拉丁文“開”的詞匯："開放（apperire）"，如果你在初春時想到花朵，就是冬天過后的想法，花朵開始開放，所以這是一個喻表春時的詞。
Okay.
好的。
May is named after Maia, the Roman goddess who was the mother of Mercury.
五月（May）是以墨丘利（Mercury）的母親，羅馬女神瑪雅（Maia）的名字命名。
June named after Juno, another goddess who was the wife of Jupiter.
六月以另一位女神，朱皮特（Jupiter）的妻子朱諾（Juno）的名字命名。
July is named after the famous emperor, Julius Caesar who was born in that month.
七月以當月出生的著名皇帝，朱利葉斯·凱撒（Julius Caesar ）的名字命名。
He was born in that month when it was called Quintilis, which is the Latin word for fifth, which explains if you start with March as one. . .
他出生在那個月，當時那個月份被稱為Quintilis，也就是拉丁詞的“第五個”，這就解釋了，如果你以三月為開頭……
One, two, three, four, five, July was the fifth month at that time.
一，二，三，四，五，七月（July）是當時的第五個月。
But they renamed it anyway after Julius Caesar and it's now called July.
但是人們在朱利葉斯·凱撒之后對它進行了重新命名，現在叫做July。
Okay.
好的。
And similarly, with August, that used to be called the sixth month, Latin, Sextilis, but it was named. . .
同樣的，八月份，這個名字曾經被稱為第六個月，拉丁文，Sextilis，但它被命名……
It was changed and named after Augustus Caesar in the 8th century BC.
它在公元前八世紀以奧古斯塔·凱撒（Augustus Caesar）的名字進行了重新命名。
So, August comes from the emperor Augustus, okay.
所以，八月來自奧古斯都皇帝，好的。
And then the last four are just based on the numbers, and this is where it. . .
然后，最后四個是基于數字的月份，這就是……
This is why it seems strange that September nowadays, it's not the seventh month at all, it's the ninth month, but at that time when they were counting from March, it was the seventh month.
這就是為什么現在的九月看起來奇怪，根本不是“第七個月”，而是“第九個月”，但當時他們從三月開始計算，這是第七個月。
That's why it's so confusing.
這就是它讓人困惑的原因。
So: " septem" Latin for 7th, September.
所以："septem"是拉丁文“第七”，九月（September）。
October, " octo" , Latin for 8th.
十月，"octo"，是拉丁語的“第八”。
November, " novem" , Latin for 9th.
11月，"novem"是拉丁語的“第九”。
December, " decem" , Latin for 10th, so， that explains why those months don't have the right number connection at all.
十二月，"decem"，拉丁語的“第十”，因此，這就解釋了為什么有些月份根本沒有什么數字聯系。
So, that explains that mystery.
是的，這就解答了這個謎團。
And it explains also how we have this influence from so many hundreds of years ago， from the Roman Empire and we've never really replaced that system.
它也說明了我們如何受到幾百年前的影響，從羅馬帝國開始，我們從未真正替換過這個系統。
It's a bit like the days of the week, with the northern and southern mythology names.
這有點像星期的名稱，有南北神話中的名字。
It would be too difficult, probably to try to change the names now, so we still have those names from hundreds of years ago.
可能現在試圖改變名字會太困難了，所以我們仍然沿用了幾百年前的那些名字。
So, there we are.
所以，就這樣了。
So I hope that's been useful.
希望我講的內容對你有幫助。
And as I mentioned, we already have a lesson on the days of the week, and a lot of them are also based on the Roman. . . Roman mythology and also the northern Norse mythology from the northern European area.
正如我所提到的，我們有了一節關于星期的課程，其中很多名稱也是基于羅馬的……羅馬神話，還有來自北歐地區北部的北歐神話。
So, if you haven't already seen that lesson, the lesson on the days of the week, and the names for the days, do have a look at that.
所以，如果你還沒有看到那節課，關于星期的課程，以及星期的命名，務必去看看吧。
Okay, so thanks for listening, and see you again soon.
好的，非常感謝你的收聽，下回再回。
Bye.
再見。
